Isivumelwano linyathelo elingazange libonwe ngaphambili lokunqanda ungcoliseko lweplastiki kwihlabathi jikelele.UPatrizia Heidegger unika ingxelo evela kwigumbi lenkomfa le-UNEA eNairobi.
Ukuxinezeleka kunye nemincili kwigumbi lenkomfa kuyavakala.Iveki enesiqingatha yothethathethwano oluqatha, ngokufuthi de kwasekuseni, yayisemva kwabo babeze endibanweni.Amatshantliziyo kunye nabathetheleli bahlala besoyika ezitulweni zabo.Baye beza eNairobi, eKenya, kwiNdibano yesi-5 ye-UN Environmental (UNEA) ukuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente bayavumelana ngesigqibo abasebenze kuso iminyaka emininzi: isicatshulwa sicebisa ukuba kusekwe iKomiti yoThethathethwano yeZizwe ngezizwe (INC) ukuba isebenze ibophelela ngokusemthethweni, isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokunqanda ungcoliseko lweplastiki.
Xa uMongameli we-UNEA uBart Espen Eide, uMphathiswa wezokusiNgqongileyo waseNorway, ecofa i-gavel kwaye ebhengeza isisombululo esamkelweyo, kuqhwatywa ihlombe kunye nolonwabo kwigumbi lenkomfa.Ukukhululeka kugquba ebusweni babo bakulwela nzima, abanye beneenyembezi zovuyo.
Ubungakanani bengxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki
Ngaphezu kwe-460 yezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki ziveliswa minyaka le, i-99% kumafutha efosili.Ubuncinci iitoni ezili-14 lezigidi ziphelela elwandle minyaka le.Iplastiki yenza ama-80% azo zonke iinkunkuma zaselwandle.Ngenxa yoko, kubulawa izilwanyana zaselwandle ezisisigidi ngonyaka.I-Microplastics ifunyenwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zasemanzini, kwigazi lomntu kunye ne-placenta ngexesha lokukhulelwa.Kuphela malunga ne-9% yeplastiki iphinda isetyenziswe kwaye umthamo wemveliso yehlabathi uqhubekile ukunyuka unyaka nonyaka.
Ungcoliseko lweplastiki yingxaki yehlabathi jikelele.Iimveliso zePlastiki zibonelela ngehlabathi jikelele kunye namakhonkco exabiso.Inkunkuma yeplastiki ithunyelwa kumazwekazi.Inkunkuma yaselwandle ayinamida.Njengenkxalabo eqhelekileyo eluntwini, ingxaki yeplastiki ifuna izisombululo zehlabathi kunye nezingxamisekileyo.
Ukusukela kwiseshoni yayo yokusungulwa ngo-2014, i-UNEA ibone iminxeba eqhubekayo eyomeleleyo kwisenzo.Iqela leengcali kwi-litter yolwandle kunye ne-microplastics yasekwa kwiseshoni yesithathu.Ngexesha le-UNEA 4 ngo-2019, imibutho yokusingqongileyo kunye nabameli batyhala nzima ukufumana isivumelwano esibhekiselele kwisivumelwano- kwaye oorhulumente basilela ukuvuma.Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, isigunyaziso sokuqala uthethathethwano luloyiso olukhulu kubo bonke abo bakhankasi bangadinwayo.
Isigunyaziso sehlabathi
Uluntu lulwela ngamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba isigunyaziso sithatha umjikelo wobomi oquka zonke izigaba zemveliso yeplastiki, ukusetyenziswa, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma.Isisombululo sifuna ukuba isivumelwano sikhuthaze imveliso ezinzileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki, kubandakanywa noyilo lwemveliso, kwaye igxininisa iindlela zoqoqosho ezijikelezayo.Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luye lwagxininisa ukuba isivumelwano kufuneka sigxininise ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kweplastiki kunye nokuthintela inkunkuma, ngokukodwa ukupheliswa kweeplastiki ezisetyenziselwa enye: ukubuyiswa kwakhona kodwa akuyi kusombulula ingxaki yeplastiki.
Ngaphandle koko, isigunyaziso sidlulela ngaphaya kweengqikelelo zangaphambili zesivumelwano esiquka inkunkuma yaselwandle kuphela.Indlela enjalo ibiya kuba lithuba eliphosiweyo lokujongana nongcoliseko lweplastiki kuzo zonke iindawo nakuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi.
Isivumelwano kwakhona kuya kufuneka siphephe izisombululo zobuxoki kwingxaki yeplastiki kunye nokuhlanjululwa luhlaza, kubandakanywa namabango alahlekisayo okuphinda asetyenziswe, iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-bio-based okanye i-biodegradable okanye i-chemical recycling.Kufuneka ikhuthaze ukuvela kwezinto ezingenatyhefu zokuzalisa ngokutsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweenkqubo.Kwaye kufuneka ibandakanye iindlela ezisemgangathweni zeplastiki njengesixhobo kunye nokungafihli, kunye nemida kwizongezo ezinobungozi kwiiplastiki kuqoqosho olujikelezayo olungenatyhefu kuwo onke amanqanaba obomi beplastiki.
Isigqibo sibona ukuba iKomiti ithatha umsebenzi wayo kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2022. Nge-2024, ithetha ukugqiba umsebenzi wayo kwaye ibonise isivumelwano sokutyikitya.Ukuba lo mgca wexesha uyagcinwa, unokuba lolona thethwano olukhawulezayo lweSivumelwano esikhulu seMbindi yokusiNgqongileyo.
Kwindlela (emagingxigingxi) ukukhululeka kwiplastiki
Abakhankasi kunye namatsha ntliziyo ngoku bafanele ukubhiyozela olu loyiso.Kodwa emva kokuba imibhiyozo iphelile, bonke abo bafuna ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki kuya kufuneka basebenze nzima ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2024: kuya kufuneka balwele isixhobo esomeleleyo esineendlela zokunyanzelisa ezicacileyo, isixhobo esiya kukhokelela kwinto ebalulekileyo. ukuncitshiswa kwemveliso yeplastiki kwindawo yokuqala kwaye oko kuya kuthintela isixa senkunkuma yeplastiki.
“Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya phambili, kodwa sonke siyaqonda ukuba indlela eya empumelelweni izakuba nzima kwaye ibenamagingxigingxi.Amanye amazwe, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kumaqumrhu athile, aya kuzama ukulibazisa, ukuphazamisa okanye ukuphazamisa inkqubo okanye ukuphembelela isiphumo esibuthathaka.Iinkampani ze-Petrochemical kunye ne-fossil fuel kusenokwenzeka ukuba zichase izindululo zokunciphisa imveliso.Sihlaba ikhwelo kubo bonke oorhulumente ukuba baqinisekise uthethathethwano olukhawulezayo nolunamabhongo kunye nokuqinisekisa ilizwi elibalulekileyo lee-NGO zokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi,” utshilo uPiotr Barczak, iGosa eliPhezulu loMgaqo-nkqubo weNkunkuma kunye noQoqosho lweSetyhula kunye ne-European Environmental Bureau (EEB).
Abakhankasi kwakhona kuya kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ezona ndawo zonakaliswe kakhulu ziiplastiki zihlala etafileni: ezo zichanabeke kungcoliseko oluvela kwimpahla yokutya yeplastiki kunye nemveliso yepetrochemical, ngokulahla inkunkuma, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ukutshiswa okuvulekileyo kweeplastiki, izibonelelo zokurisayikilisha iikhemikhali kunye nezitshisi;abasebenzi abasesikweni nabangekho sikweni kunye nabachola inkunkuma ecaleni kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeplastiki, ekufuneka baqinisekiswe ngeemeko zokusebenza ezinobulungisa nezikhuselekileyo;ngokunjalo namazwi abathengi, aBantu boMthonyama kunye nolo luntu luxhomekeke kubutyebi baselwandle nasemilanjeni bonzakaliswe lungcoliseko lweplastiki kunye nokutsalwa kwe-oyile.
“Ukufumana ingqalelo yokuba le ngxaki ifuna ukusonjululwa kulo lonke ikhonkco lexabiso leplastiki luloyiso lwamaqela noluntu olujongene nolwaphulo-mthetho lweshishini leplastiki kunye namabali obuxoki kangangeminyaka.Umbutho wethu ulungele ukufaka isandla ngokunentsingiselo kule nkqubo kwaye uncede ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isiphumo somnqophiso siya kuthintela kwaye sinqande ungcoliseko lweplastiki. ”
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-13-2022
